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What is Biofeedback???

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Overview

Biofeedback may be a therapeutic technique that teaches you ways to manage physical responses like respiration, muscle tension, hand temperature, heart rate, vital sign and brain activity that aren’t normally controlled voluntarily. This control is achieved by learning how to focus on and modify signals from your body. Biofeedback is also accustomed facilitate folks amendment the method their bodies reply to a spread of conditions, includingchronic pain, stress and anxiety, to name a few.

The skill typically is taught by a health care professional with expertise in the techniques and uses a handful of clinical, noninvasive instruments. Once you perceive however the technique is applied, and after some practice, it is usually possible to use the skill independently.

To understand training program, think of a thermometer—an external device that measures a physiological change. Biofeedback uses electronic or electromechanical instruments to monitor, measure, process and feed back information about blood pressure, muscle tension, heart rate, brain waves and other physiological functions.

Audio and/or visual feedback signals, often provided through a computer, reflect this activity. This gives you larger awareness and voluntary control: 1st you learn to manage the external signal and, eventually, you learn to recognize and use internal cues.
Biofeedback may be a comparatively recent approach, developed in the 1940s. The term came into use around 1969 to explain procedures that trained analysis subjects to change brain activity, blood pressure, muscle tension, heart rate and other “involuntary” bodily functions. The goal is to train you, primarily by changing thought processes, to control physiologic responses.

At first, training program was viewed with skepticism, however it’s been progressively accepted by thought health care professionals and insurers. In the last 40 years, scientists have been exploring the mind/body connection. More acceptance and widespread use of training program medical aid has resulted.

Studies indicate that it is an effective therapy. It is used to help treat a range of illnesses and ailments, from chronic pain to constipation to incontinence. It is usually used in addition to a primary treatment to emphasize self-control or self-regulation.

Biofeedback is most useful for conditions involving muscle tension. It’s a particularly useful therapy for reducing stress and anxiety, and the National Institutes of Health has approved its use in the treatment of chronic pain and insomnia. Biofeedback is used as each a primary and secondary treatment. Secondary treatments are used in conjunction with traditional medicine.

For example, biofeedback would be used to deal with the trauma or fear of having a disease like cancer; the pain associated with the condition; and the nausea from chemotherapy. Biofeedback is additionally a secondary treatment for diseases like disseminated multiple sclerosis, colitis and different conditions that aren’t thought-about curable by training program, though some symptoms of those conditions can be alleviated with this therapy.

 

There are at least 150 applications for biofeedback, and the list continues to grow. Below are some of those uses:

  • addiction to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs
  • anxiety disorders
  • asthma
  • bruxism (teeth grinding)
  • cardiac arrhythmia (abnormalities in heartbeat)
  • chronic fatigue syndrome
  • chronic pain
  • circulatory problems (such as Raynaud’s phenomenon)
  • complex regional pain syndrome
  • concentration improvement for education and meditation
  • control of brain waves for spiritual development and inner tranquility
  • constipation
  • diabetes
  • epilepsy
  • fecal incontinence
  • fibromyalgia
  • headaches (including migraines)
  • high blood pressure
  • insomnia
  • irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive disorders
  • jaw pain and dysfunction (including temporomandibular joint syndrome)
  • menopausal symptoms
  • menstrual cramps
  • migraine headaches
  • mild depression
  • nausea and motion sickness
  • neuromuscular re-education
  • paralysis, spinal cord injury and other movement disorders
  • premenstrual syndrome
  • stress
  • torticollis (neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing the head to turn)
  • Tourette’s syndrome
  • urinary incontinence
  • vulvovaginal pain

Although training program is maybe most closely related to stress relief, new applications area unit being developed often. Motion sickness is one of the newest applications. NASA used training program to assist astronauts alter house illness, and currently the house agency’s techniques area unit being employed to assist others who are suffering from nausea, projection and nausea.

A particular variety of training program, called electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback, or neurofeedback, is used for a variety of conditions. Through neurofeedback, you learn to pay attention to brainwave activity and ultimately control it. It may be helpful in reducing hyperactivity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, though studies are continuing to determine its effectiveness.

Unlike several alternative approaches to health care, biofeedback puts you in charge. It requires you to learn from the signals your body sends and make changes accordingly. It even involves practice at home. And after you finish your biofeedback sessions, you need to use what you learned regularly. You will use it, of course, to affect the condition. Daily practice, even when your symptoms are responding to treatment, reinforces your skills.

Depending on the condition you’re trying to change, your practice period may range from a couple of minutes intermittently during the day to half-hour sessions. You might concentrate on a specific muscle cluster, a hand-warming technique or another technique specific to your wants.

Biofeedback and Hypnosis

Many health professionals use each mental state and training program, usually along. In fact, it’s not possible to show training program while not conjointly teaching a kind of autosuggestion exercise, like imagination relaxation, progressive relaxation or imagination amendment.

One like victimisation the mix of psychotherapy and training program is that the participant acknowledges quickly that dynamic thinking changes physical responses. This encourages mental practice toward the goal of making a desired physiologic change permanent.

Diagnosis

Although training program is harmless, your health care professional will want to do a thorough exam related to your condition. This gives a better understanding of the causes of your medical condition and guides the biofeedback therapist in developing an appropriate treatment plan. In addition, the physiological testing that is done before beginning treatment can help you measure your progress as you proceed with treatment.

Biofeedback is generally not a substitute for conventional medical treatment. Rather, it should be used with any other therapies prescribed by your health care professional.

Overall, biofeedback is safe: It is noninvasive and generally has no side effects. However, if you are deeply apprehensive, be sure to discuss your concerns with the therapist. A healthy dose of skepticism and interest in the details of your care should be welcome. If a therapist doesn’t answer your questions, seek another therapist. Ultimately, you don’t have to believe in biofeedback for it to work. But you will have to practice the techniques to discover whether or not they are effective for you. Biofeedback needs that you just be a responsive participant within the method.

Whether training program works for you depends on your explicit condition and your ability to find out from the feedback you receive. The amount of your time you attempt to serving to your body and mind create the mandatory changes is crucial. Once a commitment is there, change will take place, but the extent will depend on the severity of your complaint and the ability of your body to make the necessary changes.

Getting started

To get started, you’ll need a trained professional who can operate the monitoring equipment and interpret the results. Biofeedback professionals come from a number of health-related disciplines, including psychology, psychiatry, social work, medicine, dentistry and nursing.

Your health care professional may be able to make a referral. Physicians, dentists, psychologists and others use biofeedback. The scientific discipline or psychopathology department at a close-by university conjointly is also ready to purpose you within the right direction. And check with your health care plan—it may cover your visits to approved biofeedback therapists.

Although the observe is not accredited, biofeedback therapists can receive certification from the Biofeedback Certification Institute of America (BCIA). To be certified, they must meet certain education requirements, pass an exam and either be licensed in a health care field or work under the supervision of a licensed health care professional. The organization offers referrals (www.bcia.org). BCIA estimates that regarding one,500 health care professionals in twenty five countries square measure certified either normally training program, encephalogram training program or girdle muscle disfunction.

Treatment

Biofeedback typically involves a series of sessions over several weeks. The length and number of sessions you need will depend on your condition and how fast you can learn to control your physical responses. Some conditions require as few as three or four sessions, especially for children, while others may require 10 times that many or more.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback—which measures, displays and teaches you to control brainwaves—can take longer. Some conditions might need forty or fifty graph sessions within the clinic. You and your biofeedback therapist will come up with a schedule that’s right for your condition.

You can expect a session to last from 30 minutes to an hour. (Your first one may take longer as the therapist explains the process to you.)

The biofeedback therapist will first explain the process to you and show you the various pieces of equipment. You’ll sit in a comfortable chair, and the therapist will apply sensors to various points on your body (most typically, the shoulders, fingers, back and/or head) depending on your complaint and the protocol developed to bring about beneficial change. This may vary among clinics. For instance, if you have headaches or insomnia, the sensors will probably be placed on your scalp.

The sensors are connected to equipment that provides instantaneous feedback on the function you are trying to control. What’s this feedback like? It varies. Some machines show you the changes on a computer monitor. Others beep or buzz or blink or otherwise indicate fluctuations within the perform you’re targeting.

Before the training begins, the biofeedback professional will take a baseline reading to find what your “normal” state is; this makes it possible to gauge changes.

Next, the therapist will guide you through various mental or physical exercises that are designed to bring about the desired biological changes—exercises that can help you control a particular function. And by paying attention to the feedback, you’ll learn to associate certain thoughts and actions with the desired change in your previously involuntary responses. Sensors are attached to your body to monitor certain physical processes such as temperature, heart rate and muscle tension, for example. This information is fed back by electronic signals, which help to speed the learning process so that you know immediately if the desired effect has been achieved.

For instance, you may be connected to a device that indicates muscle tension via an electronic signal. This signal increases as you tense and decreases as you relax. This approach is particularly helpful to women with incontinence. It raises awareness of and control over pelvic floor muscles. By exploitation electronic devices to determine bladder and duct muscle contractions, you can learn to control and strengthen these muscles. Sometimes the pelvic floor muscles are strong but are spastic or in spasm and need to be retrained so they relax appropriately.

Your therapist will serve as a coach who guides and encourages you in various relaxation techniques, self-regulation, self-awareness and home practices. By active these techniques, you gain greater control over your bodily functions. Once you gain competence practicing at the clinic, the idea is to become so good that you no longer need to be monitored by the instrumentation or a therapist.

In some clinics you are first taught to close your eyes and focus inward to listen to bodily changes. After you’re familiar with the technique, you are taught to open your eyes and focus on the sounds, lights or computer display to help fine-tune skills learned with your eyes closed.

Gradually, you’ll be able to do this without the audio or visual aids. Just by concentration, you can contract and/or relax certain muscles. At that time, you’ll be able to use training program on your own, while not the instrumentation and steering of a clinic session.

There are several basic methods and instruments:

  • Electromyography (EMG) measures muscle activity. This approach is used for a number of conditions, including muscle stiffness, stress incontinence, urge incontinence, overflow incontinence, urinary urgency and frequency, headaches, tooth grinding, stress and chronic pain. It’s also used when muscles are healing or being reconditioned. Sensors are usually attached to the affected muscles.
  • Thermal biofeedback provides info concerning skin temperature, an indication of blood flow. You might take this approach if you suffer from migraines, Raynaud’s phenomenon, anxiety or high blood pressure. Sensors often go on your fingers or feet.
  • Galvanic skin response training measures changes in your skin’s surface—particularly perspiration rates. This is a common method for dealing with stress, phobias and stuttering.
  • Heart rate variability biofeedback. Commonly employed in business devices, this type of biofeedback helps you control your heart rate in order to improve blood pressure and lung function and to ease stress and anxiety.
  • Respiration (rate, rhythm and type of breathing) can be monitored—often through a strain gauge wrapped around your chest or waist. This method is often used for asthma, hyperventilation, anxiety, panic and angina with chest pain.
  • Electroencephalographs (EEG) (EEG) measure brainwaves. Ideally, AN EEG can assist you find out how to acknowledge and modify your brainwave activity by distinguishing bound brainwave patterns. EEG biofeedback (also called neurofeedback) can help improve attention and reduce impulsivity and is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, head injuries and mild depression. It also has been used to treat epilepsy and depression and to promote recovery from head injuries and stroke. Sensors are placed on the head in various locations dependent on the treatment.

In addition to the actual biofeedback, your therapist will probably work with you on relaxation exercises, stress-coping techniques, deep breathing and muscle relaxation.

There also are biofeedback tools available online. While it is still recommended that you start out working with a professional, some of the new tools make it easier to practice at home. HeartMath offers software compatible with the iPhone, iPad, iTouch and computers that teaches you to monitor your body signals to better manage stress. The company offers online training and works with therapists worldwide to help you get started.

Many people learn to regulate numerous functions, including heart rate, blood pressure and muscle tension. (This ability permits some folks to travel off bound medications, such as those for blood pressure and mild depression. But do not create this call alone; see the prescribing health care skilled before discontinuing any drug programme.)

Biofeedback success rates vary widely based on the individual and the condition. There have been numerous published studies on the efficacy of biofeedback, and researchers continue to do further studies. The observe is progressively} gaining thought acceptance with more advanced conditions.

Facts to Know

  1. Biofeedback isn’t a treatment or a cure. It’s a set of techniques or methods for helping you become aware of your body processes in order to control them. These changes, not the biofeedback equipment itself, are what improve your health.
  2. Biofeedback ought to ne’er be used for treating symptoms that haven’t been confirmed by your primary health care skilled.
  3. Biofeedback uses audio, visual and digital cues to reflect changes in your physiology.
  4. Biofeedback is usually wont to facilitate folks with stress-related disorders, insomnia and chronic pain. Currently, over 150 applications of biofeedback have been described and evaluated.
  5. The term “biofeedback” comes from “biological feedback” and came into use around 1969.
  6. Biofeedback is rising as a medical care for vulvovaginal pain. The rationale is the same as for incontinence—biofeedback can help you train and strengthen your pelvic muscles, which in turn can help you control the muscle spasms that often accompany this condition. It is also useful in helping eliminate vaginismus, painful vaginal spasms often associated with intercourse.
  7. Although training program medical care isn’t authorized by the state, you can find accredited practitioners through the Biofeedback Certification Institute of America (www.bcia.org).
  8. Biofeedback crosses many health care categories. It’s used in several disciplines, including psychology, dentistry, physical therapy, pain management and internal medicine. (In fact, some nurses, physicians and dentists are training program therapists.)
  9. Researchers aren’t exactly sure why biofeedback works, but most think that learning how to relax can help the patient learn from biofeedback. Relaxation and stress-reduction exercises square measure a very important a part of training program medical care.
  10. Biofeedback is painless.

Key Q&A

  1. I’m currently on medication for the same condition for which I’m seeking biofeedback therapy. Will biofeedback take the place of these drugs? It might, but this can’t be decided without careful evaluation of your condition and only in conjunction with your physician. Biofeedback is another tool for you to use. Some people discover that they are able to stop taking certain medications once they master biofeedback. Your medication will be continued until such time as you demonstrate you no longer need medication, or it is safe to change your dosage. When you learn to control your symptoms, only then may your physician eliminate your medication.
  2. I don’t really want to try biofeedback, but my doctor says it might help. I don’t believe her. Do I need to try?Trying one session might change your mind, but it doesn’t commit you to further sessions. After one session you can decide whether to continue. If, after this first session, you are still reluctant, then discuss it with your therapist or referring health care professional. Biofeedback may not be for you.
  3. I called a biofeedback therapist and she said that I needed to have my regular health care professional check out my symptoms first. Why?Biofeedback is never recommended for unevaluated symptoms. For instance, if you have insomnia or chronic pain, that could be a symptom of another condition. And biofeedback, by itself, is not appropriate for many conditions. You need to know what’s wrong before you seek treatment.
  4. I see at-home biofeedback equipment advertised on the Web. Should I try that? Not while not running it by your training program expert or health care skilled 1st. There are increasingly more biofeedback devices and programs that are being marketed for home use in the form of computer software and portable devices. Keep in mind that some of these products may not be reputable. For best results, work with a trained biofeedback therapist and/or check with your health care professional before using any at-home biofeedback program or device.
  5. Biofeedback is considered an alternative therapy. Does that mean it’s somehow spiritual? The elements of health square measure thought-about to involve mind, body and spirit. In this instance, spirit relates to an inner sense of well-being, not to anything religious in nature. However, if you would like to analyze a deeper non secular association, you should find a therapist proficient in this area.Biofeedback therapy can be as inclusive as necessary in bringing a healthy balance into your life. This involves scientifically measuring specific physiological reactions, which occur as you participate in your life. Take, for instance, high blood pressure. Biofeedback medical care will increase your awareness of your pressure. As you think different thoughts or practice various relaxation techniques, you can see the results on the monitor or hear them via sounds from the computer. Eventually, you learn what to do to lower your blood pressure.
  6. What do the machines do? What will it feel like? The equipment merely monitors physiological changes and feeds them back to you. The machines transform the data into images, sounds or digital information, allowing you to monitor your body’s changes. You won’t feel anything except the electrodes being attached to the surface of your skin and removed.

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